• Anton E. Antonov
• Andrei S. Shadrin
• Dmitrii V. Konoshonkin
• Valerii S. Rukavishnikov
• Daria S. Petrova

Introduction. The World Stress Map project proves that horizontal stress orientation determination is a global task essential for the majority of geomechanical calculations. However, there is scant data on stress orientations in the territory of Russia at the moment. The task is therefore highly relevant.
Research objective is to determine the orientations of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses by separate areas of the Tomsk region and build a map of horizontal stresses.
Method of research. The basis for determining the orientations of horizontal stresses is the theory of drilling-induced fracture and borehole breakouts occurrence. The maximum stress orientation coincides with the drilling-induced fracture orientation, whereas the minimum stress orientation coincides with the borehole breakouts orientation or is perpendicular to the maximum stresses. 
Results. Research results are compiled in a summary table containing mean orientations of horizontal stresses by areas and a map of horizontal stress orientations.
Conclusions. A summary map of maximum horizontal stress strike azimuths has been constructed. The stresses are of similar orientation in every well under consideration, except for a well in the North-Shingin area. The average value of maximum horizontal stress orientation has made up 337° northwest and 157° southeast.

Keywords: drilling-induced fracture; stress orientation; geomechanics; borehole breakout; microimager.

REFERENCES

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For citation: Antonov A. E., Shadrin A. S., Konoshonkin D. V., Rukavishnikov V. S., Petrova D. S. Determination of horizontal stresses orientation in the area of the Tomsk region. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2021; 7: 16–24. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-16-24

• Iurii I. Lel
• Sergei V. Isakov
• Ruslan S. Ganiev
• Igor A. Glebov
• Aleksei B. Budnev

УДК 622.684:629.3

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-21-32

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Research aim is to substantiate optimal road grade when operating 4WD dump trucks and to develop analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement when exposing deep kimberlite pits with spiral routes.
Research relevance. Transition to steeply inclined ramps and 4WD dump trucks is a basic trend in improving the efficiency of deep kimberlite pits mining. In this regard, the issues of substantiating road grades and developing the method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement are becoming increasingly relevant.
Research methodology. When substantiating road grade for 4WD dump trucks the physical principle of minimal action was used as well as dump trucks tractive and dynamic, braking and fuel conditions together with some experimental data. A new notion of “specific action” has been introduced. Optimal grade by the criterion of specific action complies with minimum energy for mined rock lifting under maximum hauling capacity. The elaborated analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast is characterized by the integrated record of basic process parameters of uncovering. Graphical method of finding the angle of the non-mining slope has been proposed being a controlled parameter at uncovering with steeply pitching ramps.
Results. It has been determined that optimal grade value by physical criterion of specific action are determined by the dependences between transmission efficiency, road speed and specific fuel consumption by 4WD dump trucks and the total traction resistance in slopes. For CAT-745С dump trucks optimal values slopes for macadamized roads within the range of 0.18–0.24. The patterns of basic mine engineering factors influence on the volume of additional spacing of slopes from motor transport lanes placement. Major effect on the volume of flattening is brought about by the depth of the pit, spiral ramps grade and ore body thickness. So, the introduction of steeply inclined uncovering is primarily recommended in kimberlite open pits when mining thin ore bodies.
Scope of results. The obtained results may be applied in deep kimberlite open pits design and operation when introducing 4WD dump trucks. The results may also be applied in ore open pits when uncovering deep horizons by spiral ramps.

Key words: open pit; pit depth; 4WD dump truck; ramp inclination; principle of minimal action; fuel
consumption; additional spacing of a slope; angle of slope; ore body thickness.

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Received 3 August 2020

Abstract

Introduction. The article considers the main risks (technological, geological, societal and environmental) of offshore fields development, facilities construction and exploitation with the use of subsea production of hydrocarbons.
Research aim is to analyze the main risks of offshore oil and gas projects implementation, which are associated with harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Sakhalin Island shelf, their impact on subsea facilities and to develop the remedial measures for the risks.
Methodology. Risk analysis made it possible to identify the main risk factors in offshore projects development and determine remedial measures that are high-priority in offshore field exploitation at the stage of design and, most importantly, at the stage of project implementation.
Analysis and discussion. Based on actual data of large oil and gas fields development, an in-depth analysis of the main risks associated with the climatic conditions on the Sakhalin shelf has shown that the region’s main geological risks are: seismicity, surface gas, seabed gouging by ice and soil liquefaction. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern environmentally sound technologies of subsea oil and gas production, which are based on successfully implemented projects abroad and the experience of shelf fields development in Russian.
Conclusion. Effective development of oil and gas fields on the Sakhalin shelf is possible only if in the course of project implementation the geological, technological, societal and environmental risks are taken into account and controlled based on the developed remedial measures.

Key words: shelf; risks; seismic activity; gas anomaly; soil liquefaction; gouging by ice.

REFERENCES

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2. Kosareva Iu. V., Beskhizhko V. V., Simakova S. V., Chesnokov A. A. Subsea production systems as a prospective trend in arctic fields development and some issues of their power supply. Neftegaz.ru. 2019; 11: 26–34. (In Russ.)
3. Dziublo A. D., Savinova M. S. Technogenic hydrocarbon emissions during the exposing of hydrate bearing formations. Aktualnye problemy nefti i gaza = Actual Problems of Oil and Gas. 2018; 4(23): 57. (In Russ.)
4. Nuriev M. F., Shevelev M. B., Semenov Iu. V., Ershov N. A., Liskovyi P. N. Geological conditions of the upper part deposits at the northeast shelf fields of the Sea of Okhotsk. Gazovaia promyshlennost = Gas Industry. 2019; 8: 56–65. (In Russ.)
5. Dziublo A. D., Voronova V. V. Investigating the mechanisms of hazardous natural events development when developing oil and gas fields in the shelf of arctic and subarctic seas. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2019; 4: 69–77. (In Russ.)
6. Bogoyavlensky V. I., Bogoyavlensky I. V., Bogoyavlenskaya O. V., Nikonov R. A. Perspectives of petroleum potential of sedimentary basins and basement of the Circum-Arctic Region. Geologiya nefti i gaza = Russian Oil and Gas Geology. 2017; 5: 5–20. (In Russ.)
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Received 7 September, 2020

• Aleksey A. Chirkin
• Valery D. Kantemirov

УДК 622.271.3.001.63:621.926.2

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-33-40

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Introduction. Modern mining enterprises in Russia and abroad use opencast mining on a wide scale making the best use of the cyclic-flow technology with mobile crushing plants (PDPU) of various designs. Research aim is to substantiate the methodology of designing mobile crushing plants.
Methodology. The work of designers and constructors in choosing the type of PDPU layout scheme and elements of its design, as well as in improving the installation as a whole, is difficult due to the lack of a unified methodological approach to the design of mobile crushing plants in a modular (block) design. Multiple layout solutions in mobile crushing plants design required the formulation of general principles for such plants. PDPU structures were analyzed in the article, and the optimal layout of the plant in a modular design was substantiated as a part of the open-pit transport scheme.
Results. The research, including the research carried out in IM UB RAS, made it possible to develop initial requirements for such plants design. In accordance with the requirements the designers of the Uralmash Machine-Building Corporation developed the technical design of the PDPU-2000 mobile unit with a capacity of 2000 m3/ h, consisting of three modules based on the cone crusher KKD 1500/180.
Conclusions. Two and three-module plants equipped with large-sized jaw and cone crushers are promising modular PDPU designs currently being developed. The transfer of installation modules to a new location is carried out using a multi-purpose tracked conveyor with a lifting capacity of up to 1000 tons. Recently, there has been an increased interest in this type of PDPU, as evidenced by the large number of patented technical solutions.

Key words: mobile crushing plant; cone crusher; capacity; tracked vehicle; a conveyor belt; open pit
mining.

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Received 26 February 2020