The present-day scientific journal Minerals and Mining Engineering is open access. It adheres to the principle that open access to scientific information encourages global knowledge exchange.

• Pavel V. Amosov

Research objective is to estimate the effect of bulk explosion location and the initial height of the dust and gas cloud on open-pit natural ventilation time and the level of air contamination of the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.
Methods of research. Computer modeling of aerodynamics and gaseous component transfer in the 2D geometry is carried out with the COMSOL software. To calculate the aerodynamic characteristics, the approximation of the incompressible fluid with the standard k–ε turbulence model was carried out. Gaseous component distribution was modeled using the numerical solution to the convection-diffusion equation of contaminant transfer. Numerical experiments under the fixed initial concentration of the gaseous component and the speed of the incoming wind flow have been carried out for three locations of bulk explosions and six values of the initial height (from 70 to 420 m with a step of 70 m) of the dust
and gas cloud.
Research results and analysis. Spatial distributions of the model’s aerodynamic characteristics and contaminants gaseous component when reaching the maximum permissible concentration in the modeled area have been obtained. The estimated time of the open-pit natural ventilation and the dynamics of the open-pit upper edge air contamination dynamics down the wind have been analyzed. The complex and diversified nature of open pit ventilation for various locations of bulk explosions has been recorded. The undulating character of contaminant loss has been predicted (with different heights of peaks) conditioned by the presence of vortex formation in the open pit.
Conclusion and scope of results. For the recirculation scheme of ventilation, the situations with the bulk explosion locations shifted to the windward edge of the open pit are the longest. It has been shown that the reduction in the dust and gas cloud lift does not always ensure the reduction in the contamination level at the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.

Keywords: open pit; bulk explosion; ventilation; lift; dust and gas cloud; contamination; numerical modeling.

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For citation: Liskovets A. S., Tatsienko V. P., Gogolin V. A. The effect of contact grouting on support load. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2021; 6: 5–12. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2021-6-5-12

Introduction. The paper analyzes contemporary methods of frame support design in permanent workings and reveals that contact grouting has received little attention. Contact grouting makes the tight contact between the hardened cement grout and the surrounding rock possible, whereas it is impossible when applying concrete lagging. The paper employs analytical method of arch support, grouting layer, and the surrounding rock calculation considering their softening. Analytical formulae determining support load has been obtained. The formulae take into account strain and strength characteristics of the surrounding rock, hardened cement grout, and support. Support load was calculated under various values of the grouting layer thickness and linear strain modulus and the depth of mining. The dependencies between the support load and the indicated parameters have been obtained, which makes it possible to select the cement grout composition for various mining and geological conditions.
Research objective is to determine the effect produced by grouting layer thickness and strain characteristics on arch support load value in order to check its strength in various mining and geological conditions.
Methods of research are built upon the physically based analytical methods of geomechanics to solve the problem of interaction between the support, grouting layer, and surrounding rock mass.
Results. The results of arched support load calculation are presented for various values of grouting layer thickness, its strain characteristics, and depth of mining.
Conclusions. The presence of the grouting layer in the void behind the support has a significant effect on the methods of arch support design. The developed methods take account of the fact that a layer of soft rock develops in the rock mass between the grouting layer and undisturbed rock. When the rock is being broken, its volume in this layer increases, which, in its turn, results in support load transfer growth through the grouting layer. It has been determined that the increase in the hardened cement grout strain and grouting layer thickness reduces support load.

Keywords: arch support; grouting layer; support load.

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• Anton E. Antonov
• Andrei S. Shadrin
• Dmitrii V. Konoshonkin
• Valerii S. Rukavishnikov
• Daria S. Petrova

Introduction. The World Stress Map project proves that horizontal stress orientation determination is a global task essential for the majority of geomechanical calculations. However, there is scant data on stress orientations in the territory of Russia at the moment. The task is therefore highly relevant.
Research objective is to determine the orientations of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses by separate areas of the Tomsk region and build a map of horizontal stresses.
Method of research. The basis for determining the orientations of horizontal stresses is the theory of drilling-induced fracture and borehole breakouts occurrence. The maximum stress orientation coincides with the drilling-induced fracture orientation, whereas the minimum stress orientation coincides with the borehole breakouts orientation or is perpendicular to the maximum stresses. 
Results. Research results are compiled in a summary table containing mean orientations of horizontal stresses by areas and a map of horizontal stress orientations.
Conclusions. A summary map of maximum horizontal stress strike azimuths has been constructed. The stresses are of similar orientation in every well under consideration, except for a well in the North-Shingin area. The average value of maximum horizontal stress orientation has made up 337° northwest and 157° southeast.

Keywords: drilling-induced fracture; stress orientation; geomechanics; borehole breakout; microimager.

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For citation: Antonov A. E., Shadrin A. S., Konoshonkin D. V., Rukavishnikov V. S., Petrova D. S. Determination of horizontal stresses orientation in the area of the Tomsk region. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2021; 7: 16–24. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-16-24