• Pavel V. Amosov

Research objective is to estimate the effect of bulk explosion location and the initial height of the dust and gas cloud on open-pit natural ventilation time and the level of air contamination of the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.
Methods of research. Computer modeling of aerodynamics and gaseous component transfer in the 2D geometry is carried out with the COMSOL software. To calculate the aerodynamic characteristics, the approximation of the incompressible fluid with the standard k–ε turbulence model was carried out. Gaseous component distribution was modeled using the numerical solution to the convection-diffusion equation of contaminant transfer. Numerical experiments under the fixed initial concentration of the gaseous component and the speed of the incoming wind flow have been carried out for three locations of bulk explosions and six values of the initial height (from 70 to 420 m with a step of 70 m) of the dust
and gas cloud.
Research results and analysis. Spatial distributions of the model’s aerodynamic characteristics and contaminants gaseous component when reaching the maximum permissible concentration in the modeled area have been obtained. The estimated time of the open-pit natural ventilation and the dynamics of the open-pit upper edge air contamination dynamics down the wind have been analyzed. The complex and diversified nature of open pit ventilation for various locations of bulk explosions has been recorded. The undulating character of contaminant loss has been predicted (with different heights of peaks) conditioned by the presence of vortex formation in the open pit.
Conclusion and scope of results. For the recirculation scheme of ventilation, the situations with the bulk explosion locations shifted to the windward edge of the open pit are the longest. It has been shown that the reduction in the dust and gas cloud lift does not always ensure the reduction in the contamination level at the upper edge of the open pit down the wind.

Keywords: open pit; bulk explosion; ventilation; lift; dust and gas cloud; contamination; numerical modeling.

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Abstract

Introduction. The article considers the main risks (technological, geological, societal and environmental) of offshore fields development, facilities construction and exploitation with the use of subsea production of hydrocarbons.
Research aim is to analyze the main risks of offshore oil and gas projects implementation, which are associated with harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Sakhalin Island shelf, their impact on subsea facilities and to develop the remedial measures for the risks.
Methodology. Risk analysis made it possible to identify the main risk factors in offshore projects development and determine remedial measures that are high-priority in offshore field exploitation at the stage of design and, most importantly, at the stage of project implementation.
Analysis and discussion. Based on actual data of large oil and gas fields development, an in-depth analysis of the main risks associated with the climatic conditions on the Sakhalin shelf has shown that the region’s main geological risks are: seismicity, surface gas, seabed gouging by ice and soil liquefaction. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern environmentally sound technologies of subsea oil and gas production, which are based on successfully implemented projects abroad and the experience of shelf fields development in Russian.
Conclusion. Effective development of oil and gas fields on the Sakhalin shelf is possible only if in the course of project implementation the geological, technological, societal and environmental risks are taken into account and controlled based on the developed remedial measures.

Key words: shelf; risks; seismic activity; gas anomaly; soil liquefaction; gouging by ice.

REFERENCES

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5. Dziublo A. D., Voronova V. V. Investigating the mechanisms of hazardous natural events development when developing oil and gas fields in the shelf of arctic and subarctic seas. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2019; 4: 69–77. (In Russ.)
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Received 7 September, 2020

• Anton E. Antonov
• Andrei S. Shadrin
• Dmitrii V. Konoshonkin
• Valerii S. Rukavishnikov
• Daria S. Petrova

Introduction. The World Stress Map project proves that horizontal stress orientation determination is a global task essential for the majority of geomechanical calculations. However, there is scant data on stress orientations in the territory of Russia at the moment. The task is therefore highly relevant.
Research objective is to determine the orientations of maximum and minimum horizontal stresses by separate areas of the Tomsk region and build a map of horizontal stresses.
Method of research. The basis for determining the orientations of horizontal stresses is the theory of drilling-induced fracture and borehole breakouts occurrence. The maximum stress orientation coincides with the drilling-induced fracture orientation, whereas the minimum stress orientation coincides with the borehole breakouts orientation or is perpendicular to the maximum stresses. 
Results. Research results are compiled in a summary table containing mean orientations of horizontal stresses by areas and a map of horizontal stress orientations.
Conclusions. A summary map of maximum horizontal stress strike azimuths has been constructed. The stresses are of similar orientation in every well under consideration, except for a well in the North-Shingin area. The average value of maximum horizontal stress orientation has made up 337° northwest and 157° southeast.

Keywords: drilling-induced fracture; stress orientation; geomechanics; borehole breakout; microimager.

REFERENCES

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For citation: Antonov A. E., Shadrin A. S., Konoshonkin D. V., Rukavishnikov V. S., Petrova D. S. Determination of horizontal stresses orientation in the area of the Tomsk region. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2021; 7: 16–24. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2021-7-16-24

• Iurii I. Lel
• Sergei V. Isakov
• Ruslan S. Ganiev
• Igor A. Glebov
• Aleksei B. Budnev

УДК 622.684:629.3

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-21-32

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Research aim is to substantiate optimal road grade when operating 4WD dump trucks and to develop analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement when exposing deep kimberlite pits with spiral routes.
Research relevance. Transition to steeply inclined ramps and 4WD dump trucks is a basic trend in improving the efficiency of deep kimberlite pits mining. In this regard, the issues of substantiating road grades and developing the method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement are becoming increasingly relevant.
Research methodology. When substantiating road grade for 4WD dump trucks the physical principle of minimal action was used as well as dump trucks tractive and dynamic, braking and fuel conditions together with some experimental data. A new notion of “specific action” has been introduced. Optimal grade by the criterion of specific action complies with minimum energy for mined rock lifting under maximum hauling capacity. The elaborated analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast is characterized by the integrated record of basic process parameters of uncovering. Graphical method of finding the angle of the non-mining slope has been proposed being a controlled parameter at uncovering with steeply pitching ramps.
Results. It has been determined that optimal grade value by physical criterion of specific action are determined by the dependences between transmission efficiency, road speed and specific fuel consumption by 4WD dump trucks and the total traction resistance in slopes. For CAT-745С dump trucks optimal values slopes for macadamized roads within the range of 0.18–0.24. The patterns of basic mine engineering factors influence on the volume of additional spacing of slopes from motor transport lanes placement. Major effect on the volume of flattening is brought about by the depth of the pit, spiral ramps grade and ore body thickness. So, the introduction of steeply inclined uncovering is primarily recommended in kimberlite open pits when mining thin ore bodies.
Scope of results. The obtained results may be applied in deep kimberlite open pits design and operation when introducing 4WD dump trucks. The results may also be applied in ore open pits when uncovering deep horizons by spiral ramps.

Key words: open pit; pit depth; 4WD dump truck; ramp inclination; principle of minimal action; fuel
consumption; additional spacing of a slope; angle of slope; ore body thickness.

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Received 3 August 2020