• Eduard A. Khopunov

УДК 622.34:622.013 
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-54-62

Khopunov E. A. Problems of ore preparation in the “fourth industrial revolution”. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 54–62 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-54-62

Research aims to analyze the problems of the mining industry at the initial stage of the current “fourth industrial revolution”. It is noted that the total digitalization and robotization of technological processes will not save the industry from excessive energy and water consumption until the basic problems of the irrational use of these resources are resolved. Taking into account that the change of generations of technology is accompanied by a paradigm shift, the concept of a new paradigm is presented.
The methodology of the analysis is determined by the content of the paradigm of technology for the extraction and processing of mineral raw materials. An “ideal final result” has been formulated, which meets the principles: do not extract, crush or enrich anything superfluous. In this paper, the tasks are set in terms of the development of new technology and equipment to achieve qualitatively different indicators of ore preparation.
The results of the new paradigm analysis are based on selectivity principles, according to which intermediate and final products of ore preparation are supposed to be formed as a result of successive cycles of transformation of division structural elements into disclosure structural elements. Since, with ordinary grinding, the newly formed surface is much (tens of times) higher than the surface of the accretion, the reduction in the volume of the material during selective destruction will make it possible to reduce the energy consumption per opening by several times. The scope of the concept under consideration is the entire mining and processing industry, since practically all large subsoil users use the same ore preparation cycle: explosive blasting–crushing–opening– enrichment.

Key words: ore preparation; change of generations of technologies; selective destruction; resource saving.

REFERENCES

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2. Ianitskii O. N. The fourth technological revolution and deep shifts in globalization processes. Vestnik instituta sotsiologii = Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. 2017; 8 (2): 13–33. (In Russ.)
3. Zartha W. S. Curve analysis and technology life cycle. Espacios. 2016; 37 (7): 1–19.
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6. Christensen C. M. Exploring the limits of the technology s-curve. Part 1: Сomponent technologies. Production and Operations management. 1992; 1 (4): 334–357.
7. Altshuller G. S. Art as an exact science. Petrozavodsk: Skandinaviia Publishing; 2004. (In Russ.)
8. Khopunov E. A. The fundamentals of ore and technogenic materials disintegration. Moscow: RUSAINS
Publishing; 2016. (In Russ.)
9. Khopunov E. A. Mineral raw material processing technologies convergence. Izvestiya vysshikh
uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2016;
4: 131–139. (In Russ.)
10. Demidiuk G. P., Viktorov S. D., Fugzan M. M. The influence of explosive loading on the effectiveness
of successive stages of dressing. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosion Technology. 1986; 89/46: 116–120. (In Russ.)
11. Simakov D. B. Substantiation of rational fragmentation in processes at open pits. PhD in Engineering abstract of dissertation. Magnitogorsk; 2007. (In Russ.)
12. Tangaev I. A. Energy intensity of mining processes and mineral processing. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1986. (In Russ.)
13. Zharikov S. N. Dependence between the energy intensity of rock blasting and drilling energy intensity. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2009; 6: 60–62. (In Russ.)
14. Nagornyi V. P., Denisiuk I. I., Shveikina T. A., Likhvan V. M. Determination of the frequency of natural oscillations through the destroyed block of rock mass. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2013; 6: 147–150. (In Russ.)
15. Seriakov V. M., Volchenko G. N., Seriakov A. V. Geomechanical substantiation of ore blocks breaking taking into account the redistribution of the static field of stresses under short-delay blasting. Fizikotekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2005; 1: 46–52. (In Russ.)
16. Arsentiev V. A., Vaisberg L. A., Ustinov I. D. Trends in development of law-water-consumption technologies and machines for finely ground mineral materials processing. Obogashchenie Rud = Mineral Processing. 2014; 5: 3–9. (In Russ.)

Received 31 January 2019

• Iurii A. Borovkov
• Temur M. Iakshibaev

УДК 622.271:622.277.6(047.31)
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-30-36

Borovkov Iu. A., Iakshibaev T. M. Theoretical studies of changes in fracture zones radius in
the ore pile of heap leaching with camouflet blasthole charge explosion. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 30–36 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-30-36

Introduction. Multi-tiered ore pile heap leaching process improvement is possible by using new rational methods, including a method of intensifi cation by means of shaking a multi-tiered ore pile by an explosion of a camoufl et cylindrical borehole charge. This method is acceptable if the concentration of gold in the productive solution gradually reduces, and also if clogging zone is formed. It is necessary to shake a multitiered ore pile with explosions of camoufl et borehole charges, thus moving, grinding, delimiting and changing the orientation of rock pieces in the depth of a multi-tiered ore pile with the formation of additional micro and macro cracks.
Research aim is to determine the radiuses of fracture zones in heap leaching ore pile upon the explosion of a camoufl et blasthole charge.
Methodology includes the determination of the eff ect of the explosion of a camoufl et blasthole charge on the intensifi cation of gold heap leaching process with the use of mathematical simulation.
Summary. A mathematical model of the action of a camoufl et explosion of a cylindrical borehole charge has been developed, which describes fracture zones in the depth of the rock massif of heap leach ore pile. It has been stated that during the explosion of a camoufl et borehole cylindrical charge, under the action of a shock or refl ected shock waves of stress, from the free surface of a bench, fracture zone is formed in the depth of the rock massif of heap leach ore pile. The radius has been determined of a fracture zone depending on the radius of a camoufl et charge, the coeffi cient determining the blasting conditions, massif acoustic stiff ness, Poisson coeffi cient, and the coeffi cient of heap leach rock tensile strength.

Key words: fracturing radius; ore pile; explosion; camoufl et cylindrical borehole charge; radial stress; rock mass; borehole charge radius.

REFERENCES

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a well. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosion Technology. 1984; 86/43: 221–225. (In Russ.)
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blasting in hard rock. In: Problems of the theory of rock destruction under the action of a blast. Мoscow:
AS USSR Publishing; 1958. p. 126–139. (In Russ.)
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structures. BRL. In from Memorandum report № 403. Aberdeen Proving ground, Mariland, 2005.
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Edgewood Arsenal Contraction Report EM-CR-76042. Report no. 8. 2005.
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Publishing; 1957. (In Russ.)
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camouflet explosion. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosion Technology. 2016; 116/73: 29–36. (In Russ.)
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Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 1999. Vol. 22. Nо. 11. P. 1003–1009.
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Explosion Technology. 1974; 64/21: 5–25. (In Russ.)
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of the New York Academy I of Sciences. 2008. 152. Article 1. P. 356–361.
14. Rakishev B. R., Rakisheva Z. B., Auezova A. M. Speed and time of cylindrical explosion chamber
expansion in the rock mass. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosion Technology. 2014; 111/68: 3–17. (In Russ.)
15. Mosinets V. N. Crushing and earthquake activity of a blast in rocks. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1976.
(In Russ.)

Received 6 August 2018

• Valerii V. Dyrdin
• Tatiana L. Kim
• Andrei A. Fofanov
• Evgenii A. Plotnikov
• Natalia M. Voronkina

УДК 622.01.016 
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-44-53

Dyrdin V. V., Kim T. L., Fofanov A. A., Plotnikov E. A., Voronkina N. M. Gas emission under coal mechanical degradation. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 44–53 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-44-53

Introduction. Hard coal underground mining safety is inextricably bound up with the measures aimed at the reduction of gas development from the margins of coal seams. At the present time there is no accurate answer to the question why under gas and coal outbursts, specific emission overruns natural gas content by several times. In this regard the scientific task of studying gas emission under coal mechanical degradation is relevant.
Research aim. The present article aims to test the hypotheses of the presence of methane in hard coal, being in other, not sorption bonds, with the matrix, but being able to transfer into gaseous state under mechanical degradation, i.e. coal destruction.
Methodology. The authors collected coal samples from the seams of coal mines of Kuzbass. The character of change in the average weighed size of coal particles has been determined depending on the number of destruction cycles.
The results of the chromatographic analysis of gas liberated under the coal samples destruction are introduced. Results. It has been stated that under the destruction coal samples, collected at the margin of mine influence, “coal” gas is intensively liberated, methane having the higher concentration. It has been stated that under coal mechanical degradation there is a breaking of bonds between the atoms of carbon with “fringes”, and between the graphite-like layers of carbon grating, which leads to the liberation of a significant amount of gas and its transition into the unbound state.
Summary. The method of experimental determination of specific gas emission has been worked out, making it possible to assess the tendency of a coal seam to coal and gas outbursts.

Key words: coal destruction; gas emission; mechanical degradation; coal seam; outbursts.

REFERENCES

1. Malinnikova O. N., Feit G. N. Effect of methanogenesis and additional sorption under gas-saturated coal destruction in the conditions of three-dimensional stress state. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2004; 8: 196–200. (In Russ.)
2. Malinnikova O. N. Conditions of methane liberation from coal under destruction. Gornyi informatsionnoanaliticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2001; 5: 95–99. (In Russ.)
3. Chernov O. I., Rozantsev E. S. Coal and gas outburst prevention in coal mines. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1965. (In Russ.)
4. Khodot V. V., Ianovskaia M. F., Premysler Iu. S. Gas emission from coal under coal destruction. Fizikotekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 1966; 6: 3–11. (In Russ.)
5. Dyrdin V. V., Oparin V. N., Fofanov A. A., Smirnov V. G., Kim T. L. Possible effect of main roof
settlement on outburst hazard in case of gas hydrate dissociation during coal mining. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2017; 5: 3–14. (In Russ.)
6. Alekseev A. D. Methane in coal seams. Forms and extraction problems. In: Geotechnical mechanics: interauthority collection of scientific articles. Dnepropetrovsk: IGTM NANU Publishing; 2010; 87: 10–15. (In Russ.)
7. Fischep F. Preparation of synthetic. Brennstoff. Chem. 1923; 4: 276–285.
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9. Proskurowski G., Lilley M. D., Seewald J. S., Früh-Green G. L., Olson E. J., Lupton J. E., Sylva S. P., Kelley D. S. Abiogenic hydrocarbon production at Lost City hydrothermal field. Science. 2008; 319 (5863): 604–607.
10. Gavriliuk V. G., Shanina B. D., Skoblik A. P., Konchin A. A., Kolesnik V. N., Ulianova E. V.
A mechanism for formation of coal methane. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchnotekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2015; 8: 211–220. (In Russ.)
11. Menzhulin M. G., Montikov A. V., Vasiliev S. V. Physical processes of methanogenesis under coal destruction. Zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gornogo instituta. Geologiia = Journal of Mining Institute. Geology. 2014; 207: 222–225. (In Russ.)
12. Oparin V. N., Kiriaeva T. A., Gavrilov V. Iu., Shutilov R. A., Kovchavtsev A. P., Tanaino A. S., Efimov V. P., Astrakhantsev I. E., Grenev I. V. Interaction of geomechanical and physicochemical processesin Kuzbass coal. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2014; 2: 3–30. (In Russ.)
13. Glinka N. A. General chemistry. Moscow: Integral-Press Publishing; 2003. (In Russ.)
14. Smirnov V. G., Dyrdin V. V., Ismagilov Z. R., Kim T. L., Manakov A. Iu. On the influence of the forms of the connection of methane with the coal matrix on the gas dynamic phemonena arising in the underground development of coal seams. Vestnik nauchnogo tsentra po bezopasnosti rabot v ugolnoi promyshlennosti = Industrial Safety. 2017; 1: 34–41. (In Russ.)
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Received 5 April 2019

• Elena L. Sosnovskaia
• Arkadii N. Avdeev

УДК 622.831 
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-21-29 

Sosnovskaia E. L., Avdeev A. N. Control over the geotechnical processes at the goldfields of Eastern Siberia. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 21–29. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-21-29

Introduction. There are more than thousand lode mineral deposits of gold, rare metals, polymetals, and uranium in Eastern Siberia. Only 10% of them are in operation. Geotechnical conditions of the fields are poorly studied, therefore geotechnological parameters are not explored at a sensibly reliable level. The authors have conducted multi-year research of geotechnical processes at goldfields of Eastern Siberia.
Methodology. During geotechnical processes investigation at goldfields the authors have created the methods and techniques calculating the parameters of stable pillars and chamber exposures, selecting rock pressure control procedures based on the complex analysis of mining and geological factors: physical and mechanical properties of rock and ore, tectonic faulting, cryologic state of rock in a massif, high natural gravitational and tectonic stresses of rock mass, technogenic stresses in structural elements of underground geotechnologies.
Results. For practical use of research results, methodological and normative documents have been developed for a range of mines, including Darasun, Kholbinsky, Irokindinsky, Novo-Shirokinsky, Maiskoe, Konevinsky, Mnogovershinnoye, Birkachan, Kedrovskoe, etc. The documents have undergone expert exanimation of industrial safety and have been approved by RF Rostekhnadzor for practical use at gold mines.

Key words: gold lodes; geotechnics; rock pressure control; pillars; chamber roof and walls exposures; physical and mechanical properties of rocks; natural and technogenic stresses.

REFERENCES

1. Vlokh N. P. Rock pressure control at underground mines. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1994. (In Russ.)
2. Neganov V. P. (ed.) Gold fields development technology. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1995. (In Russ.)
3. Zubkov A. V. Geomechanics and Geotechnology. Ekaterinburg: UB RAS Publishing. (In Russ.)
4. Sosnovskaia E. L., Iasychenko V. B. Justification of the matrix of natural stresses of vein deposit rock massifs in Siberia and Far East. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University. 2011; 11: 74–78. (In Russ.)
5. Pavlov A. M., Semenov Iu. M., Sosnovskii L. I. Rock pressure control in permafrost massifs under low thickness inclined lodes underground mining at Irokindinskii gold field. In: Geodynamics and Stress state of the Earth’s interior: scientific conference proceedings. Novosibirks: IM SB RAS Publishing; 2008. P. 477–481. (In Russ.)
6. Sosnovskaia E. L., Avdeev A. N. The forecast of potential rock bump hazard of steeply pitching lode gold ore deposits. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2016; 2: 74–85. (In Russ.)
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13. Sosnovskaia E. L. Assessment of technogenic stresses in stopes when developing thin steeply dipping gold-ore veins. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University. 2014; 12: 82–88. (In Russ.)
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Received 29 January 2019