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ISSN 0536-1028 (Print)              ISSN 2686-9853 (Online)  

The review of the hydraulic borehole mining technology for development of deep-seated buried and watered placer deposits

Gevalo K. V. The review of the hydraulic borehole mining technology for development of deep-seated buried and watered placer deposits. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 53–59 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028- 2019-7-53-59

Introduction. Today, a large part of the placer gold deposits in the Far East is concentrated in the depths of buried and concealed placers. The hydraulic borehole mining method allows to develop deep and heavily watered marginal fields, the exploitation of which by the open-pit or underground methods is economically unsound. Extraction of minerals by the hydraulic borehole mining method is based on transformation of a developed rock mass into a hydraulic mixture in place by hydromechanical impact and its transportation to the surface in the form of a pulp through pipes. Research aims. To justify the possibility of applying the hydraulic borehole mining method in development of deep-seated buried and watered placer deposits of the Far East on the basis of scientific discoveries and practical experience of Russian scientists and manufacturers.
Research methods. The methods of systematization, comparative, component and system analysis were used in course of the research.
Results. The carried-out analysis testified that there are considerable placer gold deposits in the Russian Far East, which are in buried and watered placers, the exploitation of which under current conditions is unprofitable. The hydraulic borehole mining method, which will allow to develop such fields with low operational costs, high productivity, low environmental impact, is proposed.
Conclusions. The hydraulic borehole mining method will allow to significantly increase the gold extraction volume due to involvement of deep-seated and watered placers into exploitation, the development of which was considered to be unprofitable earlier and, along with this, to significantly reduce the extraction cost and capital investment level.

Key words: hydraulic borehole mining; placer gold deposits; deep-seated deposits; development technology; watered deposits.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Sorokin A. P., Van-Van-E A. P. Basic gold placer deposits atlas of the southern part of the Far East and their mine-geological models. Blagoveshchensk–Khabarovsk: FEB RAS Publishing; 2000. (In Russ.)
  2. Litvitsev V., Alexeev V., Kradenykh I. The technology of development of residue objects of precious metals placer deposits. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 56. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20185601005
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  4. Litvintsev V., Sas P. Current State and Main Directions of Innovative Development of Placer Gold Mining in Far East Federal District. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 56. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20185604004
  5. Mirzekhanov G. S., Litvintsev V. S. Mining waste management at precious metal placers in the Russian Far East: State-of-the-art and problems. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2018; 10: 25–30. (In Russ.)
  6. Rochev V. F. On the possibility of applying hydraulic borehole mining at gold bearing placer deposits of South Yakutia. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2016; 9: 50–53. (In Russ.)
  7. Britan I. V. The state of hydraulic mining by boreholes. The crisis of the idea or short-sightedness? Nedropolzovanie 21 vek = Subsoil use 21st century. 2013; 6: 46–51. (In Russ.)
  8. Arens V. Zh., Khcheian G. Kh., Khrulev A. S. Borehole hydraulic mineral extraction. Moscow: Gornaia kniga Publishing; 2001. (In Russ.)
  9. Arens V. Zh., Khcheian G. Kh., Khrulev A. S. Borehole hydraulic mining of sands with the practical use of cavings in the conditions of permafrost. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2013; 10: 79–82. (In Russ.)
  10. Khrulev A. S. Technology of borehole hydraulic mining of gold from concealed permafrost placers: DSc in Engineering abstract of dissertation. Moscow; 2002. (In Russ.)
  11. Babichev N. I., Nikolaev A. N. Deep placers and construction materials development with the use of borehole hydraulic mining. Hydromechanisation–2000: Specialist supplement to Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). Moscow: MSMU Publishing; 2000: 24–29.
  12. Nitsevich O. A., Tsurlo E. N., Ianushenko A. P. The experience of volume and form definition of excavated breast during down hole hydroextraction. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2011; 2: 31–35. (In Russ.)
  13. Khrulev A. S. Features of borehole hydraulic mining of gold bearing sands from thick deep-seated placers. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2001; 9: 142–145. (In Russ.)
  14. Arens V. Zh., Babichev N. I., Bashkatov A. D. Borehole hydraulic mineral extraction. Moscow: Gornaia kniga Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)

 

Received 7 May 2019

 

 

Comparing the results of physical modeling and full-scale experiment on ore face draw in the system of block caving for flat deposits

Malinovskii E. G., Akhpashev B. A., Golovanov A. I., Gildeev A. M. Comparing the results of physical modeling and full-scale experiment on ore face draw in the system of block caving for flat deposits. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 34–44 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-34-44

Introduction. The task of ore and host rock caving method effective parameters determination in the conditions of thick flat deposits is by no means trivial due to a lack of adequate international and local experience. Optimal parameters of ore draw are therefore best determined based on physical and mathematical modeling, taking into account the data of full-scale experiments.
Research aim. Based on physical and mathematical modeling and full-scale experiment data, the present research aims to identify the patterns of rock mass draw in the context of particular mining and geological conditions of a deposit. Using the obtained data on discharge figures formation kinematics, the research aims to determine the medium flowability indicators required to create a mathematical model of ore draw in similar conditions. Research methodology includes physical modeling of the ore face draw with of the medium extraction and flowability indicators determination.
Results. Comparison of full-scale experiments results with physical modeling results revealed sufficient convergence in the areas of losses and dilution, in the similarity of broken rock draw patterns, in the draw figure formation. Base on physical modeling, the dependence between the medium flowability indicator and the discharge figure height required to mathematically simulate the draw.
Summary. The medium flowability characteristics, defined during physical modeling and full-scale experiments and incorporated in the mathematical model of draw, will allow to optimize the parameters of the development systems with ore and host rocks caving at thick flat deposits.

Key words: flat deposits; system of development; block-caving; face draw; physical modeling; full-scale experiment.

 

REFERENCES

1. Imenitov V. R., Kovalev I. A., Uralov V. S. Modeling ore caving and discharge. Moscow: MSU Publishing; 1961. (In Russ.) 2. Malakhov G. M., Bezukh R. V., Petrenko P. D. Theory and practice of ore discharge. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1968. (In Russ.) 3. Kulikov V. V. Ore discharge. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1980. (In Russ.) 4. Kabelko S. G., Dunaev V. A., Gerasimov A. V. Computer technology of forecast evaluation of ore drawing indicators at the development of deposits by systems with ore and rock caving. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2014; 8: 54–61. (In Russ.) 5. Bashkov V. I. Parameters analysis and design of the variant of sublevel caving development with face draw of the ore. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Kuzbass State Technical University. 2015; 2 (108): 75–78. (In Russ.) 6. Savich I. N., Mustafin V. I. Perspectives of use and rationale design solutions of block (level) and sublevel face draw. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2015; S1: 419–429. (In Russ.) 7. Golik V. I., Belodedov A. A., Logachev A. V., Shurygin D. N. Improvement of parameters of production of ores at the subfloor collapse with face release. Izvestiia Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o zemle = Proceedings of the Tula State University. Earth Sciences. 2018; 1: 150–159. (In Russ.) 8. Ermakova I. A. Setting of flow parameters during release of ore in caving systems. Tekhnika i tekhnologiia gornogo dela = Journal of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering. 2018; 1: 4–11. (In Russ.) 9. Kvapil R. Gravity flow of granular material in hoppers and bins. Part 1. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 1965; 2: 35–41. 10. Marano G. The interaction between adjoining draw points in free flowing materials and its application to mining. Chamber of Mines Journal. Zimbabwe. 1980; 25–32. 11. Laubscher D. H. Cave mining – the state of the art. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 1994; 94 (10): 279–293. 12. Rustan A. Gravity flow of broken rock – what is known and unknown. In: Proceedings MassMin 2000, Brisbane. P. 557–567. Ed. G. Chitombo. The AusIMM, Melbourne. 2000. 13. Power G. R. Modeling granular flow in caving mines: large scale physical modeling and full scale experiments. PhD thesis. The University of Queensland, Brisbane. 2004. 14. Malofeev D. E. Developing the theory of ore draw under the caved rock: monograph. Krasnoyarsk: SFU Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)

Received 9 July 2019

Technological aspects of ore preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation

Tsypin E. F., Ovchinnikova T. Iu., Efremova T. A., Elizarov D. B. Technological aspects of ore preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 101–112. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028- 2019-7-101-112

Object and aim of research. By eliminating coarse tailings, preconcentration may increase the content of valuable components in ore at the input of the processing plant with or without throughput reduction. The output of preconcentration tailings therefore determines the reduction level of operating costs. Technological and economic benefit may be significant with high prime cost of deep processing; it is connected with the costs of power-consuming processes of crushing, grinding, dewatering, as well as for reagents and material.
Research aims to study main technological factors which influence the effectiveness of ore preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation.
Methodology. The present research uses technological calculation of preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation (XRFS) at various granulometric characteristics of Run-of-Mine Ore and crushed ore, inhomogeneity analysis of components content in a lump with material size variation, experimental research on the study of sorted classes number influence on the indicators of separation with the use of XRFS in preconcentration technologies.
Results and the scope of results. Technological indicators of preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation are calculated for various granulometric characteristics of ore which comes to concentration. The obtained data allow to recommend XRFS in maximum size. The influence is revealed of the number of the sorted sorted classes on the total yield of preconcentration tailings. Maximum size of the concentrated material should be taken into account when choosing the number of sorted classes. Research results may be applied when developing the technologies of mineral raw material preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation.
Summary. The effectiveness of ore separating system operation is largely determined by the quality of ore preparation by granulometric composition both at actual mining (drilling and blasting operations) and crushing-screening at ore separating systems. The proposed approach allows to quantitatively estimate the influence of the number of sorted classes on the effectiveness of preconcentration with X-ray fluorescence separation and explain the choice of the number and the boundaries of sorted classes sizes.

Key words: preconcentration; X-ray fluorescence separation; ore sorting system; technology; inhomogeneity in a lump; granulometric characteristics; the number of the sorted classes.

 

REFERENCES

  1. Tsypin E. F. Preliminary processing. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2001; 4–5: 82–104.
  2. Tsypin E. F. Dressing in the stages of ore preparation. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2015. (In Russ.)
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  9. Kolacz J. Sensor based sorting with signal pattern recognition: the new powerful tool in mineral processing // Proceedings of the XXVII International Mineral Congress. Santiago, Chile, 2014. Chapter 16. Classification, screening and sorting. P. 106–115.
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  12. Sanakulov K. S., Rudnev S. V. Complex of X-ray radiometric dressing of sulphide ore at Kokpatas deposit. Gornyi vestnik Uzbekistana = Mining News of Uzbekistan. 2010; 1 (40): 3–7. (In Russ.)
  13. Rakhmeev R. N., Voiloshnikov G. I., Fedorov Iu. O., Chikin A. Iu. Results of the experiments over the X-ray radiometrical separator for diamond-bearing concentrates processing. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2017; 5: 80–88. (In Russ.)
  14. Sanakulov K. S., Rudnev S. V., Kantsel A. V. Regarding the possibility of mining Uchquloch deposit with the use of lead-zinc ore X-ray radiometric separation technology. Gornyi vestnik Uzbekistana = Mining News of Uzbekistan. 2011; 1 (44): 17–20. (In Russ.)
  15. Shemiakin V. S., Skopov S. V., Mankovskii R. V., Krasilnikov P. A., Mamonov R. S. Preliminary concentration of quartz raw material at Kyshtym deposit. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2016; 8: 74–79. (In Russ.)
  16. Efremova T. A. The influence of the size of classes on the boundary value of the analytical parameters of X-ray fluorescence separation of polymetallic ore. In: Ural mining school to the regions: proceedings of the scientific and practical conference for young scientists and students. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2018. p. 266–267. (In Russ.)
  17. Kozin V. Z. Ore dressability research. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2016. (In Russ.)
  18. Mokrousov V. A., Golbek G. R., Arkhipov O. A. Theoretical fundamentals of radiometric dressing of radioactive ore. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1968. (In Russ.)
  19. Latyshev O. G. Methods and means of studying high-speed processes. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)

Received 4 July 2019

An overview of deep horizons excavation lining technologies at Oktyabrsky deposit

Vokhmin S. A., Kurchin G. S., Maiorov E. S., Kirsanov A. K., Kostylev S. S. An overview of deep horizons excavation lining technologies at Oktyabrsky deposit. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 45–52 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-45-52

Introduction. Lining technologies development is a way of improving the efficiency of field development as soon as technical and economic indicators of the whole excavation construction may vary significantly depending on how correctly the lining parameters are calculated. Mine lining at ore deposits in the conditions of dynamic manifestation of rock pressure is a field that requires additional research as far as mine stability improvement is concerned.
Research aim. As soon as excavation length may currently total tens of kilometers at one mine, the problem of implementing modern technologies of mine lining ensuring economic benefit for enterprises and personnel safety becomes more relevant.
Methodology. Promising methods of mine lining were analysed based on impulse excitation damping of dynamic stress waves at the contour of excavation. Results. The paper presents mining-geological and mine engineering aspects of Oktyabrsky deposit development. A description of the most common types of mine lining is given, such as shotcrete, bolting (anchor) with or without metal grid, metal pliable lining, monolithic. A number of anchor variants have been distinguished, allowing to significantly increase their bearing capacity: combined reinforced concrete anchor; hydraulic thrust tubular anchor; resin-grouted thrust anchor; reinforced concrete anchor with double cone contour lock; seismic resistant lining.
Summary. An analysis of innovative ways of securing mine workings has shown the promise of methods based on damping the impulse effect of dynamic stress waves on the contour of the workings with the help of multilayer supports, which include a special damping layer.

Key words: mine support; deposit; mine working; plot; efficiency.

Acknowledgements: The research in the current direction is carried out by the stuff of the Underground Mining Department, FSAEI HE Siberian Federal University, under the RF President grant for the governmental support of young Russian scientists holding a PhD (МК-1178.2018.8).

 

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Received 31 May 2019

 

Rationale for pit hydraulic excavator design and operating parameters-lever hydraulic mechanisms

Teliman I. V. Rationale for pit hydraulic excavator design and operating parameters-lever hydraulic mechanisms. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 132–137 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-132-137

Introduction. It is shown that the main executive mechanisms of the pit hydraulic excavator (mechanisms for turning the boom, turning the handle and turning the bucket) are hydro-mechanical units in which the engines (hydraulic cylinders) are an integral part of the lever-hydraulic mechanisms. Research aim is to improve the efficiency of hydraulic excavator operation. Research methodology. The presence of a kinematic connection between the engine (hydraulic cylinder rod) and the links of the lever-hydraulic mechanism determines certain relations between the parameters of the engine and the power parameters implemented on the driven link (boom, handle and bucket) – kinematic and dynamic transfer functions. On the basis of the main mechanisms functioning simulation model, expressions for definition of transfer functions are received. Results. It is established that there are rational values of the dynamic transfer functions of the main mechanisms at which the correspondence between the energy-power parameters realized at the driven links and the mode of loading of the driven links is achieved. Summary. Synthesis of design schemes of the main mechanisms with rational values of dynamic transfer functions will allow to exclude an overload of engines and, finally, to increase energy efficiency of hydraulic excavator functioning.

Key words: quarry hydraulic excavator; main executive mechanisms; kinematic and dynamic transfer functions of mechanisms.

 

REFERENCES

1. Borshch-Komponiets L. V. The method of pit hydraulic excavators efficient assessment. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry Journal. 1996; 1: 29–37. (In Russ.) 2. Vinitskii K. E. The exploitation of new-generation hydraulic excavators at opencast mining. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry Journal. 1998; 1: 30–36. (In Russ.) 3. Komissarov A. P., Lautenshleiger A. A., Suslov N. M. Estimation of hydraulic excavator implements power parameters. Tiazheloe mashinostroenie = Heavy Engineering. 1991; 8: 25–29. (In Russ.) 4. Bules P. Operating efficiency of pit excavators with hydraulic drive of main mechanisms. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry Journal. 2014; 6 (118): 36–37. (In Russ.) 5. Visbek R., Kazakov V. A., Udachina T. E., Khaspekov P. R. On the effective use of hydraulic excavators. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry Journal. 1998; 5: 25–29. (In Russ.) 6. Dudczak A. Excavators: theory and design. Warsaw: PWN, 2000. 7. Geu Flores F., Kecskemethy A., Pottker A. Workspace analysis and maximal force calculation of a face-shovel excavator using kinematical transformers. In: 12th IFToMM World Congress, Besancon, June 18–21, 2007. 6 p. 8. Frimpong S., Нu Y., Chang Z. Perfomance simulation of shovel excavators for earthmoving operations. In: Summer in computer simulation conference (SCSC/03). 2003. Р. 133–138. 9. Hall A. Characterizing the operation of a large hydraulic excavator. Master Diss. School of Engineering the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 2002. 150 p. 10. Park B. Development of a virtual reality excavator simulator: a mathematical model of excavator digging and a calculation methodology. PhD Diss. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blackburg, Virginia, USA, 2002. 223 p. 11. Rath H. Development of Hydraulic for Quarring Applications. Pt. 1. Mine & Quarry. 1987. P. 26–30. 12. Komissarov A. P., Shestakov V. S. A simulation model operation working equipment hydraulic shovel. Gornoe oborudovanie i electromehanika = Mining Equipment and Electromechanics. 2013; 8: 20–24. (In Russ.) 13. Komissarov A. P., Lagunova Iu. A., Shestakov V. S. Between constructive and regime parameters hydraulic operating equipment excavators. Gornoe oborudovanie i electromekhanika = Mining Equipment and Electromechanics. 2014; 11: 9–14. (In Russ.) 14. Pobegailo P. A. Powerful single-bucket hydraulic excavators. Implements basic geometric parameters selection at the early stages of design. Moscow: Lenand Publishing; 2014. (In Russ.) Received 12 April 2019

  1. Developing the technology of mine stowing with processing tailings based hardening blends
  2. Framing the solution to the problem of coal seam state by the methods of the mechanics of granular materials
  3. Comparing the results of physical modeling and full-scale experiment on ore face draw in the system of block caving for fat deposits
  4. Heavy minerals secondary processing estimation at pulp hydrotransport in the pipeline

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