• Andrei A. Panzhin
• Nataliia A. Panzhina

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-31-40

Panzhin A. A., Panzhina N. A. Evaluation of geodetic reference points stability as a basis for geodynamic monitoring. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 6: 31–40 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-31-40

Introduction. The article is dedicated to the choice of reference (source) points as a basis for geodynamic monitoring. Monitoring can be both regional, of the Ural region, for instance, and local, covering a group of deposits and an enclosing massif.
Relevance. As soon as a massif has got a hierarchical and blocky structure and constant mobility, caused by the total effect from natural and technogenic factors, the choice of reference points, which are free from the effect of strains, is a relevant problem.
The idea of the research. For actual estimate of the spatial-temporal stability of the reference points, it is proposed to establish a geodetic tie to the IGS global network with further analysis of velocities and directions of their proper movements relative to the neighboring points.
Methodology. Based on the obtained data, the most stable reference points are detected; their velocities and directions of spatial displacements are compared with the model ones in ITRF2014 system, the background being eliminated.
Results. Actual displacement vectors have been determined for a range of IGS and FAGS stations and the base point of temporary accommodation facilities. According to the outcome of a series of earthquakes in the neighborhood of the town of Katav-Ivanovsk, the stress-strain state of the massif has been examined.

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2. Kuzmin Iu. O. Recent geodynamics of dangerous faults. Fizika Zemli = Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2016; 5: 87–101. (In Russ.)
3. Sainoki A., Mitri H. S. Dynamic behavior of mining-induced fault slip. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2014; 66: 19–29.
4. Panzhin A. A. Investigation of displacement of the earth's surface in deposits development applying areal instrumental methods. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2009; 2: 69–74. (In Russ.)
5. Yan Bao, Wen Guo, Guoquan Wang et al. Millimeter-accuracy structural deformation monitoring using stand-alone GPS. Journal of Surveying Engineering. 2017; 144: 242–251.
6. Yigit C. O., Coskun M. Z., Yavasoglu H. et al. The potential of GPS precise point positioning method for point displacement monitoring: A case study. Measurement. 2016; 91: 398–404.
7. Kuzmin Iu. O. Recent anomalous geodynamics of aseismic fault zones. Vestnik otdeleniia geologii, geofiziki, geokhimii i gornykh nauk Rossiiskoi akademii nauk = Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Mining of the Russian Academy of Science. 2002; 1: 1–27. (In Russ.)
8. Utkin V. I., Belousova A. A., Tiagunov D. S., Balandin D. V. Study of geodynamics of the Northern and Middle Urals according to GPS. Doklady Akademii nauk = Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2010; 431 (2): 246–251. (In Russ.)
9. Panzhin A. A. Study of CORS geodynamic movements to substantiate control methods of the displacement process in deposits of the Ural region. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. G. I. Nosova = Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University. 2015; 1 (49): 22–26. (In Russ.)
10. Kuzmin Iu. O. Geodynamic monitoring of subsoil assets. Geo-Sibir = GEO-Siberia. 2006; 3 (1): 33–42. (In Russ.)
11. Vdovin V. S., Dvorkin V. V., Karpik A. P. et al. Current state and future development of active satellite geodetic networks in Russia and their integration into ITRF. Vestnik SGUGiT = Vestnik SSUGT. 2018; 23 (1): 6–27. (In Russ.)
12. Kodama J., Miyamoto T., Kawasaki S. et al. Estimation of regional stress state and Young’s modulus by back analysis of mining-induced deformation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2013; 63: 1–11.

Received 18 February 2019

• Aleksei A. Smirnov
• Igor V. Nikitin

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-14-20

Smirnov A. A., Nikitin I. V. Justifying the types and methods of adapting the mining technological system of a mining enterprise to changing conditions of underground mining. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 6: 14–20 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-14-20

Research aim is to study the process of adapting the mining and technological system of a mining enterprise to the changing external and internal conditions of deep-seated deposits underground mining. By the term mining and technological system of a mining enterprise we mean a set of interrelated technological processes and organizational solutions for mineral extraction from the subsoil and its further dressing.
Research methodology. The paper uses a complex method of research, which includes the analysis of conditions and generalization of the experience of underground mining of deep ore and non-metallic deposits, systematization and assessment of conditions and factors affecting the functioning of the mining and technological system of the mining enterprise, the establishment of types and development of adaptation methods based on the method of scientific induction.
Results. The substantiation of types (micro- and macroadaptation) and methods (reservation or
diversification of production, regulation or modernization of production, organizational changes
or restructuring) of adaptation of mining and technological system of the mining enterprise to the changing external economic (market), natural (mining and geological), production (technological), social and environmental conditions of underground mining of deep-seated deposits on the basis of accounting and management of factors causing transition processes.
Results application area. The results can be used in the feasibility study and design of mining and technological systems of mining enterprises with underground method of ore mining (for example, in the mining of deep-seated iron ore deposits).

Key words: deep-seated deposit; underground mining; adaptation; transition process; systematization; economic stability.

Acknowledgements: The article has been prepared following the researches for the project 18-5-5-10 of UB RAS Program for basic research.

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Received 17 May 2019

• Mikhail M. Karablin
• Dmitrii V. Guriev
• Sergei M. Prostov
• Iurii V. Lesin

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-21-30

Karablin M. M., Guriev D. V., Prostov S. M., Lesin Iu. V. Automatic analysis of pit slope stability in clays of quaternary sediments. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 6: 21–30. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-21-30

Introduction. Preventing landslides of slopes formed by sand and clay of quaternary sediments with a thickness of 40–50 m is an essential task of opencast mining. Possessing significant stability at natural moisture content, rocks drop soil strength in water saturated condition. In some instances, it may cause disequilibrium in the marginal rock mass. The maintenance of slopes (pit edges, waste dumps, dams, mounds, etc.) stability is the most basic requirement imposed on mining enterprises today.
Research aim is to improve the accuracy of slopes stability analysis by means of automatic search of the most strained glide surface with the lowest value of slope stability safety factor, both at the design stage and at the stage of emergency control associated with slope stability violation.
Methodology. The method of analyzing slope stability in the main computational models, including models with low-angle concordant bedding of a natural plane of weakness. The algorithm was implemented by an analytical simulation method in Stable slope (Russ. Ustoichivyi bort) software package.
Results. Based on the data from slope stability analysis at a polymetallic mine in Altay krai, a graph of slope angle versus slope height in quaternary sediments has been built for various values of the angle of incidence for the contact “quaternary sediments–underlying bedrock”.
Summary. Slope design procedure involves making laborious polycyclic calculations associated with the selection of the resultant angles of slopes, which will provide stability, for the specified height, mine and geological conditions and physical-mechanical characteristics of the marginal rock mass. Automatic analysis with Stable slope software makes it possible to improve stable slopes parameters computational accuracy when designing mining, by means of an option of searching for the most strained glide surface. Further fundamental improvement of analysis accuracy is possible with 2D geological models of slopes substituted for 3D models with slope stability factor determination by the most critical area. Such 3D
models may be developed by geologic sections and geophysical sounding in the areas with abnormal density and water saturation. Besides, analysis accuracy may be improved if the model is developed as far as the real contour of mine profile, lithological types of rock, variability of physical-mechanical properties of rock are concerned.

Key words: ground slopes; stability; computational automation; safety factor; limiting equilibrium; back calculation; physical and mechanical properties of soils.

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Received 6 May 2019

• Igor V. Sokolov
• Artem A. Rozhkov

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-5-13

Sokolov I. V., Rozhkov A. A. Investigating the parameters of dispersion in the plane system of charges at granular quartz deep mining. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2019; 6: 5–13. DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-6-5-13

Introduction. There is much concern about raw material overgrinding as a result of blasting when mining granular quartz. The main blasting method of deep mining is borehole blasting with rings of continuous charges. The main drawbacks of the method include nonuniform distribution of explosives along the plane of the broken layer and the fact that the significant energy of continuous charges is spent on the shattering effect which automatically overgrinds the material in the area nearest the blast. Research aim is to develop the technology of blasting and optimize its parameters ensuring the reduced output of overgrinded quartz fraction.
Methodology includes the development and application of a mathematical model of drilling and blasting parameters forecast in granular quartz deep mining.
Research concept. A technology of breaking has been proposed by way of solution to the given problem. The technology lies in the concept that the uniformity of explosive energy concentration distribution in the broken layer is ensured by charges dispersion by air gaps and the particular order of their arrangement in the plane of the ring. To implement the technology, a method of forming dispersed charges in deep upholes has been developed; the method does not require additional efforts and equipment.
Results. A special technique has been created, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of dispersion ensuring the relevant specific consumption of explosives along the whole plane of the broken layer. The dependence between the output of the overgrinded quartz fraction and the parameters of dispersion in the plane system of charges has been determined. Engineering and economic evaluation of breaking technology options has been carried out as compared to the conventional one. Potential economic benefit has been estimated from the developed technology application for 1t of produced ore.

Key words: granular quartz; blasting; dispersed charge; borehole ring; air gap; specific consumption of explosives.

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