Abstract

Introduction. The article considers the main risks (technological, geological, societal and environmental) of offshore fields development, facilities construction and exploitation with the use of subsea production of hydrocarbons.
Research aim is to analyze the main risks of offshore oil and gas projects implementation, which are associated with harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Sakhalin Island shelf, their impact on subsea facilities and to develop the remedial measures for the risks.
Methodology. Risk analysis made it possible to identify the main risk factors in offshore projects development and determine remedial measures that are high-priority in offshore field exploitation at the stage of design and, most importantly, at the stage of project implementation.
Analysis and discussion. Based on actual data of large oil and gas fields development, an in-depth analysis of the main risks associated with the climatic conditions on the Sakhalin shelf has shown that the region’s main geological risks are: seismicity, surface gas, seabed gouging by ice and soil liquefaction. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern environmentally sound technologies of subsea oil and gas production, which are based on successfully implemented projects abroad and the experience of shelf fields development in Russian.
Conclusion. Effective development of oil and gas fields on the Sakhalin shelf is possible only if in the course of project implementation the geological, technological, societal and environmental risks are taken into account and controlled based on the developed remedial measures.

Key words: shelf; risks; seismic activity; gas anomaly; soil liquefaction; gouging by ice.

REFERENCES

1. Amiragian A. S. Exploration of the hydrocarbon resources of the shelf. Neftegaz.ru. 2017; 8: 16–22. (In Russ.) 
2. Kosareva Iu. V., Beskhizhko V. V., Simakova S. V., Chesnokov A. A. Subsea production systems as a prospective trend in arctic fields development and some issues of their power supply. Neftegaz.ru. 2019; 11: 26–34. (In Russ.)
3. Dziublo A. D., Savinova M. S. Technogenic hydrocarbon emissions during the exposing of hydrate bearing formations. Aktualnye problemy nefti i gaza = Actual Problems of Oil and Gas. 2018; 4(23): 57. (In Russ.)
4. Nuriev M. F., Shevelev M. B., Semenov Iu. V., Ershov N. A., Liskovyi P. N. Geological conditions of the upper part deposits at the northeast shelf fields of the Sea of Okhotsk. Gazovaia promyshlennost = Gas Industry. 2019; 8: 56–65. (In Russ.)
5. Dziublo A. D., Voronova V. V. Investigating the mechanisms of hazardous natural events development when developing oil and gas fields in the shelf of arctic and subarctic seas. Bezopasnost truda v promyshlennosti = Occupational Safety in Industry. 2019; 4: 69–77. (In Russ.)
6. Bogoyavlensky V. I., Bogoyavlensky I. V., Bogoyavlenskaya O. V., Nikonov R. A. Perspectives of petroleum potential of sedimentary basins and basement of the Circum-Arctic Region. Geologiya nefti i gaza = Russian Oil and Gas Geology. 2017; 5: 5–20. (In Russ.)
7. Andreassen K., Hubbard A., Winsborrow M., Patton H., Vadakkepuliyambatta S., Plaza-Faverola A., Gudlaugsson E., Serov P., Deryabin A., Mattingsdal R., et. al. Massive blow-out craters formed by hydratecontrolled methane expulsions from the Arctic seafloor. Science. 2017; 356: 948–953.
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9. Petrenko V. E., Oganov G. S., Sviridova T. A. Design solutions for offshore wells construction in the conditions of shallow gas presence. Proektirovanie i razrabotka neftegazovykh mestorozhdenii = Design and Development of Oil and Gas Fields. 2017; 1: 42–47. (In Russ.)
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Received 7 September, 2020

• Aleksey A. Chirkin
• Valery D. Kantemirov

УДК 622.271.3.001.63:621.926.2

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-33-40

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Introduction. Modern mining enterprises in Russia and abroad use opencast mining on a wide scale making the best use of the cyclic-flow technology with mobile crushing plants (PDPU) of various designs. Research aim is to substantiate the methodology of designing mobile crushing plants.
Methodology. The work of designers and constructors in choosing the type of PDPU layout scheme and elements of its design, as well as in improving the installation as a whole, is difficult due to the lack of a unified methodological approach to the design of mobile crushing plants in a modular (block) design. Multiple layout solutions in mobile crushing plants design required the formulation of general principles for such plants. PDPU structures were analyzed in the article, and the optimal layout of the plant in a modular design was substantiated as a part of the open-pit transport scheme.
Results. The research, including the research carried out in IM UB RAS, made it possible to develop initial requirements for such plants design. In accordance with the requirements the designers of the Uralmash Machine-Building Corporation developed the technical design of the PDPU-2000 mobile unit with a capacity of 2000 m3/ h, consisting of three modules based on the cone crusher KKD 1500/180.
Conclusions. Two and three-module plants equipped with large-sized jaw and cone crushers are promising modular PDPU designs currently being developed. The transfer of installation modules to a new location is carried out using a multi-purpose tracked conveyor with a lifting capacity of up to 1000 tons. Recently, there has been an increased interest in this type of PDPU, as evidenced by the large number of patented technical solutions.

Key words: mobile crushing plant; cone crusher; capacity; tracked vehicle; a conveyor belt; open pit
mining.

REFERENCES
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3. Iakovlev V. L. Some perspective trends in opencast transport study. In: Proceedings of Internat. Science to pract. Conf. on opencast transport. Ekaterinburg; 2002. p. 15–20. (In Russ.)
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Received 26 February 2020

• Iurii I. Lel
• Sergei V. Isakov
• Ruslan S. Ganiev
• Igor A. Glebov
• Aleksei B. Budnev

УДК 622.684:629.3

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-21-32

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Research aim is to substantiate optimal road grade when operating 4WD dump trucks and to develop analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement when exposing deep kimberlite pits with spiral routes.
Research relevance. Transition to steeply inclined ramps and 4WD dump trucks is a basic trend in improving the efficiency of deep kimberlite pits mining. In this regard, the issues of substantiating road grades and developing the method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast from motor transport lanes placement are becoming increasingly relevant.
Research methodology. When substantiating road grade for 4WD dump trucks the physical principle of minimal action was used as well as dump trucks tractive and dynamic, braking and fuel conditions together with some experimental data. A new notion of “specific action” has been introduced. Optimal grade by the criterion of specific action complies with minimum energy for mined rock lifting under maximum hauling capacity. The elaborated analytical method of calculating the volume of additional spacing of non-mining slopes of an opencast is characterized by the integrated record of basic process parameters of uncovering. Graphical method of finding the angle of the non-mining slope has been proposed being a controlled parameter at uncovering with steeply pitching ramps.
Results. It has been determined that optimal grade value by physical criterion of specific action are determined by the dependences between transmission efficiency, road speed and specific fuel consumption by 4WD dump trucks and the total traction resistance in slopes. For CAT-745С dump trucks optimal values slopes for macadamized roads within the range of 0.18–0.24. The patterns of basic mine engineering factors influence on the volume of additional spacing of slopes from motor transport lanes placement. Major effect on the volume of flattening is brought about by the depth of the pit, spiral ramps grade and ore body thickness. So, the introduction of steeply inclined uncovering is primarily recommended in kimberlite open pits when mining thin ore bodies.
Scope of results. The obtained results may be applied in deep kimberlite open pits design and operation when introducing 4WD dump trucks. The results may also be applied in ore open pits when uncovering deep horizons by spiral ramps.

Key words: open pit; pit depth; 4WD dump truck; ramp inclination; principle of minimal action; fuel
consumption; additional spacing of a slope; angle of slope; ore body thickness.

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zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2000; 7: 33–35. (In Russ.)
2. Chanturiia V. A., Trubetskoi K. N., Kaplunov D. R., Chaadaev A. S., Makhrachev A. F. Integrated
study and introduction of innovative geotechnologies of extraction and deep processing of kimberlites.
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for the Alrosa group Nyurbinsky open pit deep horizons exposing and processing. Izvestiya vysshikh
uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2017; 7: 4–12.
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zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2018; 8: 5–16. (In Russ.)
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fuzzy sliding mode. 2011 Int. Conf. on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks, CECNet
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Received 3 August 2020

• Galina I. Matniiazova
• Mariia P. Khaidina

УДК 550.8.013

DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-41-48

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Introduction. Coalbed methane extraction increases the economic efficiency of coal mining being a main measure mitigating coal mining risks. Research aim was to assess the impact made by host rocks with different reservoir properties on coalbed methane production dynamics before and after hydraulic fracturing.
Methodology. A coal seam model has been constructed using software systems; the coal seam has been represented as an integrated deposit of two minerals, coal and gas. Gas production scenarios with and without impact on the seam have been calculated as well. A model of a coal bed with a hydraulic fracture was constructed in application program package Petrel (Shlumberger).
Results. The calculation results showed the development of gas migration from the coal matrix to the surrounding rock through the fracture system during gas production. The use of hydraulic fracturing has positive impact on the dynamics of gas production from coal seams. Hydraulic fracturing revealed the growth of desorbed gas migration into the host interlayers. Analysis of coal methane migration to the surrounding rock has shown that the host rock can be considered as a transportation route for coalbed methane production.

Key words: coal seam; adsorption; hydraulic fracturing; host rock; double porosity; coal gas
migration.

REFERENCES

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Received 12 March 2020