• Viktor M. Alenichev

Alenichev V. M. On the possibility of water jet cutting abrasive import substitution. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 60–67 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-60-67

Introduction. Garnet sand, hard metals powder and carbide oxides are basically used as an abrasive when cutting various materials with a water jet. It is proposed to study the possibility of using quartz sand instead of imported garnet sand.
Research aim. Water jet cutting is a process of erosion effect of a water jet with hard abrasive particles coming under ultra high pressure. It is necessary to examine the technical and technological possibility of using an abrasive made of original quartz crush (industrial waste) and natural quartz sand when cutting metal and rock with a water jet.
Methodology. The use of geoinformation provision, including attributive and spatial data, allowed to identify potential mining and geological objects containing raw materials meeting physical-mechanical properties and granulometric composition of a widely-accepted abrasive in the form of garnet raw material. The present article describes the experimental results of rock and metal cutting with a water jet with the use of quarts sand crush.
Results. Pilot testing at several machine-building and processing enterprises of the Ural region has allowed to establish technical and technological possibility of using original quartz crush of Gora Khrustalnaya deposit and natural raw material of Kichiginsky quartz sand deposit.
Summary. Raw material fraction size providing the required roughness of the cutting surface are recommended as an abrasive when cutting aluminum alloy and rocks (gabbro) with a water jet. The requirements for maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the workplace air are formulated.

Key words: water jet cutting; technogenic product; sand; deposit; cutting speed; cutting surface; roughness.

REFERENCES

1. Polianskii S. N., Nesterov A. C. Technology and equipment for water jet cutting. Vestnik mashinostroeniia = Bulletin of Mechanical Engineering. 2004; 5; 43–46. (In Russ.)
2. Averin E. A., Zhabin A. B., Poliakov A. V., Shchegolevskii M. M. Analysis and improvement of the method for estimation of hard rock erosion when destructing with abrasive water jets. Gornoe oborudovanie i elektromekhanika = Mining Equipment and Electromechanics. 2018; 2 (136); 17–25. (In Russ.)
3. Merzliakov V. G. Application of water-jet technologies with cutting heads of roadheading machinery: Case study. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry. 2015; 4 (122); 81–87. (In Russ.)
4. Brenner V. A. et al. Improvement of water-jet technology in mining. Moscow: Gornaya kniga Publishing; 2010. (In Russ.)
5. Songyong L. I. U. et al. Rock breaking performance of a pick assisted by high-pressure water jet under different configuration modes. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2015; 28; 3; 607–617. DOI: 10.3901/CJME.2015.0305.023
6. Zuchang S., Jianmin C., Feng L. Numerical simulation for high-pressure water jet breaking rock mechanism based on SPH algorithm. Oil Field Equipment. 2009; 38; 12; 39–43.
7. Doroshenko M. V., Bashlykova T. V. Technological properties of minerals. Guide for process engineers. Moscow: Teploenergetik Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)
8. Ivashchenko A. A. Water jet cutting technology. Oborudovanie i instrument dlia professionalov = Equipment and Tools for Professionals. 2002; 8.1; 20–21. (In Russ.)
9. Chillman A., Ramulu M., Hashish M. Waterjet and water-air jet surface processing of a titanium alloy: a parametric evaluation. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering. 2010; 132 (1); 011012. DOI: 10.1115 / 1.4000837
10. Merzliakov V. G. Water-Jet Technology in Mining: The Main Results of Research Works. Gornoe oborudovanie i elektromekhanika = Mining Equipment and Electromechanics. 2018; 2 (136); 3–7. (In Russ.)
11. Alenichev V. Geoinformational supporting of geotechnologies. In: VII International Scientific Conference “Problems of Complex Development of Georesources” E3S Web of Conferences. Khabarovsk, Russia. 2018; 56; September 25–27. DOI.org/10.1051/e3sconf /20185601017
12. Alenichev V. M., Alenichev M. V. Problems of geoinformation support of integrated development technologies for mineral deposits and mining waste. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2018; 10: 191–199. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2018-10-0-191-199

Received 19 March 2019

• Evgenii G. Malinovskii
• Bogdan A. Akhpashev
• Aleksei I. Golovanov
• Aleksandr M. Gildeev

Malinovskii E. G., Akhpashev B. A., Golovanov A. I., Gildeev A. M. Comparing the results of physical modeling and full-scale experiment on ore face draw in the system of block caving for flat deposits. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 34–44 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-34-44

Introduction. The task of ore and host rock caving method effective parameters determination in the conditions of thick flat deposits is by no means trivial due to a lack of adequate international and local experience. Optimal parameters of ore draw are therefore best determined based on physical and mathematical modeling, taking into account the data of full-scale experiments.
Research aim. Based on physical and mathematical modeling and full-scale experiment data, the present research aims to identify the patterns of rock mass draw in the context of particular mining and geological conditions of a deposit. Using the obtained data on discharge figures formation kinematics, the research aims to determine the medium flowability indicators required to create a mathematical model of ore draw in similar conditions. Research methodology includes physical modeling of the ore face draw with of the medium extraction and flowability indicators determination.
Results. Comparison of full-scale experiments results with physical modeling results revealed sufficient convergence in the areas of losses and dilution, in the similarity of broken rock draw patterns, in the draw figure formation. Base on physical modeling, the dependence between the medium flowability indicator and the discharge figure height required to mathematically simulate the draw.
Summary. The medium flowability characteristics, defined during physical modeling and full-scale experiments and incorporated in the mathematical model of draw, will allow to optimize the parameters of the development systems with ore and host rocks caving at thick flat deposits.

Key words: flat deposits; system of development; block-caving; face draw; physical modeling; full-scale experiment.

REFERENCES

1. Imenitov V. R., Kovalev I. A., Uralov V. S. Modeling ore caving and discharge. Moscow: MSU Publishing; 1961. (In Russ.) 2. Malakhov G. M., Bezukh R. V., Petrenko P. D. Theory and practice of ore discharge. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1968. (In Russ.) 3. Kulikov V. V. Ore discharge. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1980. (In Russ.) 4. Kabelko S. G., Dunaev V. A., Gerasimov A. V. Computer technology of forecast evaluation of ore drawing indicators at the development of deposits by systems with ore and rock caving. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2014; 8: 54–61. (In Russ.) 5. Bashkov V. I. Parameters analysis and design of the variant of sublevel caving development with face draw of the ore. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Kuzbass State Technical University. 2015; 2 (108): 75–78. (In Russ.) 6. Savich I. N., Mustafin V. I. Perspectives of use and rationale design solutions of block (level) and sublevel face draw. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2015; S1: 419–429. (In Russ.) 7. Golik V. I., Belodedov A. A., Logachev A. V., Shurygin D. N. Improvement of parameters of production of ores at the subfloor collapse with face release. Izvestiia Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Nauki o zemle = Proceedings of the Tula State University. Earth Sciences. 2018; 1: 150–159. (In Russ.) 8. Ermakova I. A. Setting of flow parameters during release of ore in caving systems. Tekhnika i tekhnologiia gornogo dela = Journal of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering. 2018; 1: 4–11. (In Russ.) 9. Kvapil R. Gravity flow of granular material in hoppers and bins. Part 1. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 1965; 2: 35–41. 10. Marano G. The interaction between adjoining draw points in free flowing materials and its application to mining. Chamber of Mines Journal. Zimbabwe. 1980; 25–32. 11. Laubscher D. H. Cave mining – the state of the art. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 1994; 94 (10): 279–293. 12. Rustan A. Gravity flow of broken rock – what is known and unknown. In: Proceedings MassMin 2000, Brisbane. P. 557–567. Ed. G. Chitombo. The AusIMM, Melbourne. 2000. 13. Power G. R. Modeling granular flow in caving mines: large scale physical modeling and full scale experiments. PhD thesis. The University of Queensland, Brisbane. 2004. 14. Malofeev D. E. Developing the theory of ore draw under the caved rock: monograph. Krasnoyarsk: SFU Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)

Received 9 July 2019

• Kirill V. Gevalo

Gevalo K. V. The review of the hydraulic borehole mining technology for development of deep-seated buried and watered placer deposits. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 53–59 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028- 2019-7-53-59

Introduction. Today, a large part of the placer gold deposits in the Far East is concentrated in the depths of buried and concealed placers. The hydraulic borehole mining method allows to develop deep and heavily watered marginal fields, the exploitation of which by the open-pit or underground methods is economically unsound. Extraction of minerals by the hydraulic borehole mining method is based on transformation of a developed rock mass into a hydraulic mixture in place by hydromechanical impact and its transportation to the surface in the form of a pulp through pipes. Research aims. To justify the possibility of applying the hydraulic borehole mining method in development of deep-seated buried and watered placer deposits of the Far East on the basis of scientific discoveries and practical experience of Russian scientists and manufacturers.
Research methods. The methods of systematization, comparative, component and system analysis were used in course of the research.
Results. The carried-out analysis testified that there are considerable placer gold deposits in the Russian Far East, which are in buried and watered placers, the exploitation of which under current conditions is unprofitable. The hydraulic borehole mining method, which will allow to develop such fields with low operational costs, high productivity, low environmental impact, is proposed.
Conclusions. The hydraulic borehole mining method will allow to significantly increase the gold extraction volume due to involvement of deep-seated and watered placers into exploitation, the development of which was considered to be unprofitable earlier and, along with this, to significantly reduce the extraction cost and capital investment level.

Key words: hydraulic borehole mining; placer gold deposits; deep-seated deposits; development technology; watered deposits.

REFERENCES

1. Sorokin A. P., Van-Van-E A. P. Basic gold placer deposits atlas of the southern part of the Far East and their mine-geological models. Blagoveshchensk–Khabarovsk: FEB RAS Publishing; 2000. (In Russ.)
2. Litvitsev V., Alexeev V., Kradenykh I. The technology of development of residue objects of precious metals placer deposits. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 56. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20185601005
3. Litvintsev V. Rational development of noble metal placer mining waste in the east of Russia. Journal of Mining Science. 2015; 51: 118–123.
4. Litvintsev V., Sas P. Current State and Main Directions of Innovative Development of Placer Gold Mining in Far East Federal District. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018; 56. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20185604004
5. Mirzekhanov G. S., Litvintsev V. S. Mining waste management at precious metal placers in the Russian Far East: State-of-the-art and problems. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2018; 10: 25–30. (In Russ.)
6. Rochev V. F. On the possibility of applying hydraulic borehole mining at gold bearing placer deposits of South Yakutia. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2016; 9: 50–53. (In Russ.)
7. Britan I. V. The state of hydraulic mining by boreholes. The crisis of the idea or short-sightedness? Nedropolzovanie 21 vek = Subsoil use 21st century. 2013; 6: 46–51. (In Russ.)
8. Arens V. Zh., Khcheian G. Kh., Khrulev A. S. Borehole hydraulic mineral extraction. Moscow: Gornaia kniga Publishing; 2001. (In Russ.)
9. Arens V. Zh., Khcheian G. Kh., Khrulev A. S. Borehole hydraulic mining of sands with the practical use of cavings in the conditions of permafrost. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2013; 10: 79–82. (In Russ.)
10. Khrulev A. S. Technology of borehole hydraulic mining of gold from concealed permafrost placers: DSc in Engineering abstract of dissertation. Moscow; 2002. (In Russ.)
11. Babichev N. I., Nikolaev A. N. Deep placers and construction materials development with the use of borehole hydraulic mining. Hydromechanisation–2000: Specialist supplement to Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). Moscow: MSMU Publishing; 2000: 24–29.
12. Nitsevich O. A., Tsurlo E. N., Ianushenko A. P. The experience of volume and form definition of excavated breast during down hole hydroextraction. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2011; 2: 31–35. (In Russ.)
13. Khrulev A. S. Features of borehole hydraulic mining of gold bearing sands from thick deep-seated placers. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2001; 9: 142–145. (In Russ.)
14. Arens V. Zh., Babichev N. I., Bashkatov A. D. Borehole hydraulic mineral extraction. Moscow: Gornaia kniga Publishing; 2007. (In Russ.)

Received 7 May 2019

• Sergei A. Vokhmin
• Georgii S. Kurchin
• Evgenii S. Maiorov
• Aleksandr K. Kirsanov
• Sergei S. Kostylev

Vokhmin S. A., Kurchin G. S., Maiorov E. S., Kirsanov A. K., Kostylev S. S. An overview of deep horizons excavation lining technologies at Oktyabrsky deposit. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 7: 45–52 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-7-45-52

Introduction. Lining technologies development is a way of improving the efficiency of field development as soon as technical and economic indicators of the whole excavation construction may vary significantly depending on how correctly the lining parameters are calculated. Mine lining at ore deposits in the conditions of dynamic manifestation of rock pressure is a field that requires additional research as far as mine stability improvement is concerned.
Research aim. As soon as excavation length may currently total tens of kilometers at one mine, the problem of implementing modern technologies of mine lining ensuring economic benefit for enterprises and personnel safety becomes more relevant.
Methodology. Promising methods of mine lining were analysed based on impulse excitation damping of dynamic stress waves at the contour of excavation. Results. The paper presents mining-geological and mine engineering aspects of Oktyabrsky deposit development. A description of the most common types of mine lining is given, such as shotcrete, bolting (anchor) with or without metal grid, metal pliable lining, monolithic. A number of anchor variants have been distinguished, allowing to significantly increase their bearing capacity: combined reinforced concrete anchor; hydraulic thrust tubular anchor; resin-grouted thrust anchor; reinforced concrete anchor with double cone contour lock; seismic resistant lining.
Summary. An analysis of innovative ways of securing mine workings has shown the promise of methods based on damping the impulse effect of dynamic stress waves on the contour of the workings with the help of multilayer supports, which include a special damping layer.

Key words: mine support; deposit; mine working; plot; efficiency.

Acknowledgements: The research in the current direction is carried out by the stuff of the Underground Mining Department, FSAEI HE Siberian Federal University, under the RF President grant for the governmental support of young Russian scientists holding a PhD (МК-1178.2018.8).

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3. Trushko O. V. Types and designs of antiseismic lining a used in the development of ore deposits. Izvestiia Tulskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Nauki o Zemle = Proceedings of the Tula State University. Earth Sciences. 2016; 1: 120–130. (In Russ.)
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6. Luo Y. Research on backfill technology with U-steel support in soft rock roadway in deep mine. Chin. Q. Mech. 2009; 30(3): 488–494.
7. Korobkin V. I., Peredelskii V. I. Engineering geology and environmental protection. Rostov-onDon: RSU Publishing; 2013. (In Russ.)
8. Protosenia A. G., Ogorodnikov Iu. N. Deep mines working support. Moscow, Nedra Publishing; 1984. (In Russ.)
9. Smirnov V. A., Protosenia A. G., Anpilov O. V., Vasiukhno M. A., Demekhin D. N. Antiseismic concrete lining method. Patent RF no. 2509893, 2014. (In Russ.)
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11. Vladimirskaia A. R. Soil sciences and engineering geology. St. Petersburg: Lan Publishing; 2016. (In Russ.)
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Received 31 May 2019