The present article reveals an objective role of close cooperation between manufacturing companies and scientific schools of colleges in training academic personnel for enterprises and colleges and in their professional development. In earlier times it was compulsory to bring the operating plans of expedition departments to the Science and Technical Council before they were approved by the Central Board. However, the scientific control over the geological prospecting by the approved projects did not bring the personnel in on preparing degree dissertations. Fruitful cooperation between the manufacturers of expedition no. 101 and scientific researchers of Sverdlovsk Mining Institute based on the study of Ural deposits of piezooptical and gangue quartz was marked by the defense of 17 PhD and 4 DSc dissertations by the members of SSI, and 20 PhD and 7 DSc dissertations by the geologists of expedition no. 101. Thus, close cooperation between the manufacturers and scientific researchers of colleges is an effective way to form academic personnel and develop professionalism.

Key words: academic personnel; academic degree; SSI; expedition; Ural deposits of gangue quartz; academic personnel formation.

1. Polenov Iu. A., et al. The history of research, prospecting, and exploitation at Ural crystal-bearing deposits (1937–1991): scientific monograph. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2017. (In Russ.) 2. Volkova A. N. On quartz and other minerals: the history of VNIISIMS. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1989. (In Russ.) 3. Emlin E. F. Sketches of Ural Mining Institute Mineralogy Department history. Ekaterinburg: UrSMU Publishing; 2008. (In Russ.)

• Eduard A. Khopunov

УДК 622.34:622.013 
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-54-62

Khopunov E. A. Problems of ore preparation in the “fourth industrial revolution”. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 54–62 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-54-62

Research aims to analyze the problems of the mining industry at the initial stage of the current “fourth industrial revolution”. It is noted that the total digitalization and robotization of technological processes will not save the industry from excessive energy and water consumption until the basic problems of the irrational use of these resources are resolved. Taking into account that the change of generations of technology is accompanied by a paradigm shift, the concept of a new paradigm is presented.
The methodology of the analysis is determined by the content of the paradigm of technology for the extraction and processing of mineral raw materials. An “ideal final result” has been formulated, which meets the principles: do not extract, crush or enrich anything superfluous. In this paper, the tasks are set in terms of the development of new technology and equipment to achieve qualitatively different indicators of ore preparation.
The results of the new paradigm analysis are based on selectivity principles, according to which intermediate and final products of ore preparation are supposed to be formed as a result of successive cycles of transformation of division structural elements into disclosure structural elements. Since, with ordinary grinding, the newly formed surface is much (tens of times) higher than the surface of the accretion, the reduction in the volume of the material during selective destruction will make it possible to reduce the energy consumption per opening by several times. The scope of the concept under consideration is the entire mining and processing industry, since practically all large subsoil users use the same ore preparation cycle: explosive blasting–crushing–opening– enrichment.

Key words: ore preparation; change of generations of technologies; selective destruction; resource saving.

REFERENCES

1. Tverdov A. A., Nikishichev S. B., Zakharov V. N. Problems and prospects of import substitution in the mining sector. Gornaia promyshlennost = Mining Industry Journal. 2015; 5 (123): 54–58. (In Russ.)
2. Ianitskii O. N. The fourth technological revolution and deep shifts in globalization processes. Vestnik instituta sotsiologii = Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. 2017; 8 (2): 13–33. (In Russ.)
3. Zartha W. S. Curve analysis and technology life cycle. Espacios. 2016; 37 (7): 1–19.
4. Dube C., Gumbo V. Diffusion of innovation and the technology adoption curve: where are we? Business and Management Studies. 2017; 3 (3): 34–52.
5. Hall B. H., Khan B. Adoption of new technology. In: New Economy Handbook: Hall and Khan. 2002: 1–38.
6. Christensen C. M. Exploring the limits of the technology s-curve. Part 1: Сomponent technologies. Production and Operations management. 1992; 1 (4): 334–357.
7. Altshuller G. S. Art as an exact science. Petrozavodsk: Skandinaviia Publishing; 2004. (In Russ.)
8. Khopunov E. A. The fundamentals of ore and technogenic materials disintegration. Moscow: RUSAINS
Publishing; 2016. (In Russ.)
9. Khopunov E. A. Mineral raw material processing technologies convergence. Izvestiya vysshikh
uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2016;
4: 131–139. (In Russ.)
10. Demidiuk G. P., Viktorov S. D., Fugzan M. M. The influence of explosive loading on the effectiveness
of successive stages of dressing. Vzryvnoe delo = Explosion Technology. 1986; 89/46: 116–120. (In Russ.)
11. Simakov D. B. Substantiation of rational fragmentation in processes at open pits. PhD in Engineering abstract of dissertation. Magnitogorsk; 2007. (In Russ.)
12. Tangaev I. A. Energy intensity of mining processes and mineral processing. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1986. (In Russ.)
13. Zharikov S. N. Dependence between the energy intensity of rock blasting and drilling energy intensity. Gornyi zhurnal = Mining Journal. 2009; 6: 60–62. (In Russ.)
14. Nagornyi V. P., Denisiuk I. I., Shveikina T. A., Likhvan V. M. Determination of the frequency of natural oscillations through the destroyed block of rock mass. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2013; 6: 147–150. (In Russ.)
15. Seriakov V. M., Volchenko G. N., Seriakov A. V. Geomechanical substantiation of ore blocks breaking taking into account the redistribution of the static field of stresses under short-delay blasting. Fizikotekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2005; 1: 46–52. (In Russ.)
16. Arsentiev V. A., Vaisberg L. A., Ustinov I. D. Trends in development of law-water-consumption technologies and machines for finely ground mineral materials processing. Obogashchenie Rud = Mineral Processing. 2014; 5: 3–9. (In Russ.)

Received 31 January 2019

Introduction. The efficiency of mineral production carried out by the shearer loaders entering the winning and heading mechanized systems is improved by their design and control systems development. At mineral resistance variation, in order to provide the full capacity utilization of shearer executive body electric motors, cutting electric drive torque (load) controller is used, control quality parameters of which depend on the value of cutting resistance. In this regard, relevant is the task of developing cutting torque stabilization system for shearer loader drive with constant control quality parameters through the use of intelligent control systems. Research aims to synthesize the fuzzy controller of the shearer loader electric drive cutting torque which increases the quality of cutting torque stabilization at material cutting resistance variation and to assess its efficiency by the mathematical modeling method. Methodology. The mathematical model of shearer loader electric drive cutting torque stabilization has been worked out; structure and parameters of cutting torque fuzzy regulator have been substantiated. The comparison of the proposed fuzzy controller with a typical PI controller has been carried out with the use of the model experiment method. Results. The mathematical model of shearer loader cutting torque stabilization system has been obtained which takes into account material cutting resistance variability, the constant of chip formation and the dynamic properties of cutting drives and feed drives. Shearer loader cutting torque fuzzy controller has been synthesized, in which four fuzzy sets have been applied at proportional part fuzzification, providing an automatic variation of the controller gain depending on error ratio. The model experiment has shown that the use of a fuzzy controller makes it possible to reduce the transient overshoot by torque by 15% and increase its speed by 25% under material cutting resistance variation by a factor of 2. Summary. The use of the proposed fuzzy controller makes it possible to obtain the quality of control action transition process independent of cutting resistance variation and lower overshoot under perturbing actions.

Key words: fuzzy controller; coal shearer; feed drive; cutting drive; mathematical model; transition process; coal hardness.

REFERENCES

1. Babokin G. I., Kolesnikov E. B. Variable frequency electric drive of shearers feed mechanisms. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientifi c and technical journal). 2004; 3: 231–235. (In Russ.) 2. Sysoev N. I., Kozhevnikov A. S. Shearer loader with mode parameters adjustment. Gornaia mekhanika = Mining Mechanical Engineering and Machine Building. 2017; 11: 18–22. (In Russ.) 3. Fish S. G. The system of controlling electric drive of direct current with identifi cation self-adjustment. PhD (Engineering) dissertation. Voronezh; 2004. 151 p. (In Russ.) 4. Generalov L. K., Mochalova M. I., Generalov A. L. Close loop gain stabilization in cutting control system. Evraziiskii nauchnyi zhurnal = Eurasian Science Journal. 2016; 3: 17–24. (In Russ.) 5. Burakov M. V., Konovalov A. S. Modifi cation of Smith predictor for a linear plant with changeable parameters. Informatsionnye upravliaiushchie sistemy = Information and Control Systems. 2017; 89 (4): 25–34. (In Russ.) 6. Vlasov K. P. The theory of automatic control. Kharkov: Gumanitarnyi tsentr Publication; 2007. (In Russ.) 7. Pegat A. Fuzzy modeling and control. Moscow: Binom. Laboratoriia znanii Publication; 2009. (In Russ.) 8. Ruey-Jing Lian, Bai-Fu Lin, and Jyun-Han Huang. Self-organizing fuzzy control of constant cutting force in turning. In: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Publisher Springer London, 17 August 2005. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00170-005-2546-8 9. D. Kim and D. Jeon. Fuzzy-logic control of cutting forces in CNC milling processes using motor currents as indirect force sensors. Precision Engineering. 2011; 35; 1: 143–152. 10. Kulenko M. S., Burenin S. V. Research of ff uzzy controller application in technological processes control systems. Vestnik IGEU = Vestnik of Ivanovo State Power Engineering University. 2010; 2: 1–5. (In Russ.) 11. Filimonov A. B., Fulimon N. B. Robust correction in control system with nigt gain. Mechatronics, automation, control. 2014; 12: 3–10.

12. Sudhakara R., Landers R. Design and analysis of output feedback force control in parallel turning. Proc. I MECHE. Part I. Journal of Systems & Control Engineering. 2004; 16: 487–501. 13. Kudin V. F., Kolacny J. Synthesis of subortimal nonlinear regulator by immersion method. J. Electrical engineering. 1998; 49; 1–2: 11–15. 14. Firago B. I., Pavliachik L. V. The theory of electric drive. Minsk: Tekhnoperspektiva Publishing; 2004. (In Russ.) 15. Klementieva I. N. Substantiation and selection of dynamic parameters of shearer loader drive transmission. PhD (Engineering) dissertation. Moscow, 2015. 124 p. (In Russ.)

Received 11 March 2019

• Valerii V. Dyrdin
• Tatiana L. Kim
• Andrei A. Fofanov
• Evgenii A. Plotnikov
• Natalia M. Voronkina

УДК 622.01.016 
DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-44-53

Dyrdin V. V., Kim T. L., Fofanov A. A., Plotnikov E. A., Voronkina N. M. Gas emission under coal mechanical degradation. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal = News of the Higher Institutions. Mining Journal. 2019; 5: 44–53 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2019-5-44-53

Introduction. Hard coal underground mining safety is inextricably bound up with the measures aimed at the reduction of gas development from the margins of coal seams. At the present time there is no accurate answer to the question why under gas and coal outbursts, specific emission overruns natural gas content by several times. In this regard the scientific task of studying gas emission under coal mechanical degradation is relevant.
Research aim. The present article aims to test the hypotheses of the presence of methane in hard coal, being in other, not sorption bonds, with the matrix, but being able to transfer into gaseous state under mechanical degradation, i.e. coal destruction.
Methodology. The authors collected coal samples from the seams of coal mines of Kuzbass. The character of change in the average weighed size of coal particles has been determined depending on the number of destruction cycles.
The results of the chromatographic analysis of gas liberated under the coal samples destruction are introduced. Results. It has been stated that under the destruction coal samples, collected at the margin of mine influence, “coal” gas is intensively liberated, methane having the higher concentration. It has been stated that under coal mechanical degradation there is a breaking of bonds between the atoms of carbon with “fringes”, and between the graphite-like layers of carbon grating, which leads to the liberation of a significant amount of gas and its transition into the unbound state.
Summary. The method of experimental determination of specific gas emission has been worked out, making it possible to assess the tendency of a coal seam to coal and gas outbursts.

Key words: coal destruction; gas emission; mechanical degradation; coal seam; outbursts.

REFERENCES

1. Malinnikova O. N., Feit G. N. Effect of methanogenesis and additional sorption under gas-saturated coal destruction in the conditions of three-dimensional stress state. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2004; 8: 196–200. (In Russ.)
2. Malinnikova O. N. Conditions of methane liberation from coal under destruction. Gornyi informatsionnoanaliticheskii biulleten (nauchno-tekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2001; 5: 95–99. (In Russ.)
3. Chernov O. I., Rozantsev E. S. Coal and gas outburst prevention in coal mines. Moscow: Nedra Publishing; 1965. (In Russ.)
4. Khodot V. V., Ianovskaia M. F., Premysler Iu. S. Gas emission from coal under coal destruction. Fizikotekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 1966; 6: 3–11. (In Russ.)
5. Dyrdin V. V., Oparin V. N., Fofanov A. A., Smirnov V. G., Kim T. L. Possible effect of main roof
settlement on outburst hazard in case of gas hydrate dissociation during coal mining. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2017; 5: 3–14. (In Russ.)
6. Alekseev A. D. Methane in coal seams. Forms and extraction problems. In: Geotechnical mechanics: interauthority collection of scientific articles. Dnepropetrovsk: IGTM NANU Publishing; 2010; 87: 10–15. (In Russ.)
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9. Proskurowski G., Lilley M. D., Seewald J. S., Früh-Green G. L., Olson E. J., Lupton J. E., Sylva S. P., Kelley D. S. Abiogenic hydrocarbon production at Lost City hydrothermal field. Science. 2008; 319 (5863): 604–607.
10. Gavriliuk V. G., Shanina B. D., Skoblik A. P., Konchin A. A., Kolesnik V. N., Ulianova E. V.
A mechanism for formation of coal methane. Gornyi informatsionno-analiticheskii biulleten (nauchnotekhnicheskii zhurnal) = Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin (scientific and technical journal). 2015; 8: 211–220. (In Russ.)
11. Menzhulin M. G., Montikov A. V., Vasiliev S. V. Physical processes of methanogenesis under coal destruction. Zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gornogo instituta. Geologiia = Journal of Mining Institute. Geology. 2014; 207: 222–225. (In Russ.)
12. Oparin V. N., Kiriaeva T. A., Gavrilov V. Iu., Shutilov R. A., Kovchavtsev A. P., Tanaino A. S., Efimov V. P., Astrakhantsev I. E., Grenev I. V. Interaction of geomechanical and physicochemical processesin Kuzbass coal. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie problemy razrabotki poleznykh iskopaemykh = Journal of Mining Science. 2014; 2: 3–30. (In Russ.)
13. Glinka N. A. General chemistry. Moscow: Integral-Press Publishing; 2003. (In Russ.)
14. Smirnov V. G., Dyrdin V. V., Ismagilov Z. R., Kim T. L., Manakov A. Iu. On the influence of the forms of the connection of methane with the coal matrix on the gas dynamic phemonena arising in the underground development of coal seams. Vestnik nauchnogo tsentra po bezopasnosti rabot v ugolnoi promyshlennosti = Industrial Safety. 2017; 1: 34–41. (In Russ.)
15. Sorokina N. E., Nikolskaia I. V., Ionov S. G., Avdeev V. V. Acceptor-type graphite interaction
compounds and new carbon materials based on them. Izvestiia Akademii nauk. Seriia khimicheskaia = Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2005; 8: 1699–1716. (In Russ.)
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Karpova T. D., Terekhova I. S., Ogienko A. G., Lyrshchikov S. Y. Formation and decomposition of methane hydrate in coal. Fuel. 2016; 166: 188–195.

Received 5 April 2019